Our investment process focuses on companies that earn an attractive return on their capital.

We consider the “margin of safety” concept, as espoused by the late Benjamin Graham in his book, The Intelligent Investor, to be a paramount investment principle. Given that a share of common stock is a share of ownership in a business, this concept recognizes that a margin of safety can be attained when shares are purchased at a discount to their intrinsic business value.

Our investment process focuses on companies that earn an attractive return on their capital. These companies generally boast strong balance sheets and enjoy strong cash flows. To the extent these qualities are present, various risks, such as those associated with illiquidity, are reduced. Depending on client objectives, our portfolios may contain a minor proportion of more aggressive ideas, including some companies with more leveraged balance sheets. In these situations, we seek a greater margin of safety in the price we pay for the stock.

We believe that proper risk management requires a reasonable degree of diversification. Our equity portfolios typically include at least 20 common stocks. While these issues represent a variety of industries, our approach does not preclude a concentration in industries with attractive attributes or an avoidance of industries plagued with difficulties. It also does not preclude an occasional concentration in an individual issue, but only when the concentration derives from appreciation and we continue to favor the company’s long-term outlook.

Mutual funds or exchange traded funds may be included in some portfolios to increase diversification, depending on the objectives of the client. While a reasonable degree of diversification is an objective, we believe that a focus on investing in good businesses at good prices controls equity risk more effectively than extremely broad asset or style diversification. We believe it is most important to understand the basic nature of each investment and the associated risks.